Tone and Texture
色調(diào)與結(jié)構(gòu)

This specifically applies to drawings more than photography, but tone and texture are very important. Tone refers to shading of light and dark on an object and texture is the visual and tactile surface characteristics of an object.

色調(diào)與結(jié)構(gòu)確實(shí)很重要，圖片比照片更能運(yùn)用此項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。色調(diào)涉及到陰影以及物體顏色光亮程度；結(jié)構(gòu)涉及到物體的外觀特征。

Here's a list of things that affect the tone and texture of an objects appearance.

下面介紹影響網(wǎng)站色調(diào)與結(jié)構(gòu)的幾個(gè)因素。

1. The direction from which the light is coming. (Left, right, above, behind, or below.)

1. 光的方向。（左、右、上、下、后）

2. The intensity of the light. (Candlelight or sunlight.)

2. 光的亮度。（燭光或者陽(yáng)光）

3. The type of light (Light from the setting sun or flash.)

3. 光的類型。（落日還是烈日）

4. Objects standing between the light source and your subject or object. (Light passing through a thin fabric.)

4. 站立在光源之間的物體。（光穿過物體）

5. The color and texture of the object. (A fuzzy blanket looks a lot different than a piece of granite.)

5. 物體的顏色與結(jié)構(gòu)。（絨毛毯子與花崗巖不同）

Light and Shade
光線與陰影

Light always travels in a straight line and depending on the location of the light the object or subject can look dramatically different. To understand this principle get a roll of film a light source, a lamp, an object or a family member. Take a series of photos of your subject start with the light source at twelve o'clock take each successive photo moving the light source to each position on the clock. When you look at your photos you will be amazed at how different your subject looks in each image. This exercise is great for anyone wanting to understand how light changes the look of a subject.

光沿直線傳播，光的位置不同，網(wǎng)站中的物體或者要表達(dá)主題就會(huì)顯著不同。了解到這個(gè)內(nèi)容之后，在現(xiàn)在的光源下，拍攝照片（物體、家人都可以），然后在中午12點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，再次拍攝同一張圖片。觀察圖片時(shí)，你會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)圖片差異很大。你可以根據(jù)這個(gè)情況，清楚理解光源對(duì)照片的影響。

Shade
對(duì)比程度

Shade or shadow and more commonly known as contrast is the degree of difference between the light and dark areas. An image with very black blacks and very light whites has high contrast. An image that is mostly shades of gray has low contrast. Contrast is determined by the intensity of the light source. Adjusting the contrast can help you create a very realistic image or a fantastic one.

我們經(jīng)?？吹降墓馀c陰暗區(qū)域的對(duì)比程度，就是對(duì)比陰影了。黑色、白色圖片的對(duì)比很明顯，而灰色梯度的對(duì)比就比較弱。光源強(qiáng)度決定對(duì)比程度，而對(duì)比程度會(huì)決定圖片的現(xiàn)實(shí)性或者科幻性。