在可用性測(cè)試中，最主要的兩個(gè)角色，一個(gè)是受測(cè)(Test Participant)，另一個(gè)是測(cè)試員(Test Facilitator)。這回小兔來說說測(cè)試員(Test Facilitator)在可用性測(cè)試時(shí)應(yīng)該做些什么、說些什么。
之前有翻譯過Test Facilitator Guide（可用性測(cè)試開始前），那么開始之后該如何呢？這里有一篇文章，拿來作為例子說說，小兔也和自己的做法對(duì)照比較一下，好借鑒改善。

WAI Site Usability Testing Questions

文章包括了四個(gè)部分：
Pre-test Questions（測(cè)試前問題）、Participant Tasks（受測(cè)任務(wù)）、Post-test Interview（測(cè)試后訪談）和Post-test Survey（測(cè)試后問卷）。這是WAI（Web Accessibility Initiative）網(wǎng)站可用性測(cè)試，測(cè)試員 (Facilitator)在測(cè)試時(shí)提的問題和任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)。

Pre-test Questions（測(cè)試前問題）
測(cè)試前的問題是用來了解受測(cè)的，WAI的這個(gè)例子里，可以看到問題關(guān)于受測(cè)對(duì)于可及性(WAI的主要內(nèi)容)的了解、平時(shí)訪問的相關(guān)站點(diǎn)、閱讀習(xí)慣、工作背景等，以及大概的心智模型。了解受測(cè)，才能在之后明白受測(cè)的行為，便于進(jìn)一步分析產(chǎn)品的可用性問題。我們?cè)谡心际軠y(cè)時(shí)也會(huì)做一些甄選，但是都比較簡(jiǎn)單，而測(cè)試前提一些問題可以了解得更真實(shí)具體些。根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的特性，我們可以設(shè)計(jì)不同的問題。
另外，小兔把測(cè)試前的問題作為“暖場(chǎng)”，雖然準(zhǔn)備問題提綱但并不嚴(yán)格照問。比如一次一個(gè)受測(cè)是QQ聯(lián)系的，我就從他的六位QQ號(hào)聊起，詢問他的網(wǎng)齡等等~有時(shí)甚至可以閑聊兩句，讓受測(cè)放松了，會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更自然，也比較容易Think Aloud

Participant Tasks（受測(cè)任務(wù)）
這當(dāng)然是測(cè)試的主要部分。
WAI的這個(gè)例子里比較特殊的是Task1和Task2。Task1測(cè)的是網(wǎng)站的首頁(yè)，類似的一些提問方法曾經(jīng)在UPA也學(xué)到過。首頁(yè)是網(wǎng)站給用戶第一印象的關(guān)鍵之處，通過Task1的這幾個(gè)問題可以了解到受測(cè)對(duì)于網(wǎng)站的大概認(rèn)知；而基于WEB的瀏覽往往不一定居于特定的任務(wù)，所以Task2是給用戶自由瀏覽的時(shí)間。應(yīng)該說，大部分時(shí)候我們?yōu)g覽網(wǎng)站可能也是沒有什么目的的，小兔也曾愁過測(cè)試任務(wù)的問題，沒想到和WAI一樣的做法呢:)
之后的每個(gè)任務(wù)都設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，讓用戶找尋相應(yīng)的信息。意料之外的是之后的任務(wù)還有8個(gè)之多，我依然沒有明白為何需要這樣的數(shù)量，如果某個(gè)任務(wù)的場(chǎng)景和受測(cè)背景不符咋辦呢？難道是8個(gè)任務(wù)里選做的？@_@

Post-test Interview（測(cè)試后訪談）
如果說測(cè)試的任務(wù)是觀察受測(cè)行為的話，測(cè)試后的訪談就是了解用戶的想法。經(jīng)過對(duì)網(wǎng)站的一番體驗(yàn)之后，受測(cè)對(duì)網(wǎng)站也有了實(shí)際的了解，小兔也很喜歡在測(cè)試后問這些問題，尤其是在產(chǎn)品早期進(jìn)行可用性測(cè)試、有較大改動(dòng)空間的時(shí)候，不妨問一些開放式的問題，對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)有不錯(cuò)的參考作用。

Post-test Survey（測(cè)試后問卷）
這個(gè)問卷有些類似SUS，但我們可以看到不止是SUS的問題，除了評(píng)價(jià)網(wǎng)站的可用性之外，有一些可以用來驗(yàn)證是否達(dá)到我們的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。比起訪談的好處是，這些的結(jié)果可以量化。不過對(duì)于小規(guī)模的可用性測(cè)試來說，這些數(shù)據(jù)缺乏科學(xué)性，僅用來參考。

#p#

原文：WAI Site Usability Testing Questions

Pre Test Questions
測(cè)試前問題

1. Do you ever research issues related to Web accessibility for people with disabilities? (If no: skip to 11)
   你是否曾經(jīng)搜索過關(guān)于殘障人士訪問網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性問題的文章？(若否，跳至問題11)

2. What resources do you use to learn about Web accessibility? (Probe: Web sites, books, classes)
   你通過什么資源了解網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性、(Probe 網(wǎng)站 書籍 課程)

3.  (May not need to ask) What Web sites do you use to learn about Web accessibility?
   (也許不必問)你去什么網(wǎng)站了解網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性？

4.  How often do you use them?
   訪問有多頻繁？

5. What do you like about each of the Web sites?
   覺得這幾個(gè)網(wǎng)站如何？

6. What do you dislike about each of the Web sites?
   這幾個(gè)站點(diǎn)有哪些地方你不喜歡？

7. What types of Web accessibility information do you look for on the Internet?
   你在網(wǎng)上尋找什么類型的網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性信息？

8. What are the last three Web accessibility topics or questions you researched on the Internet?
   你最近搜索的三個(gè)關(guān)于網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性的問題是什么？

9. What drives your interest in Web accessibility?
   什么促使你對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性問題感興趣？

10. How long have you been involved in Web accessibility?
    涉及網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性有多久了？

11. Do any of the authoring tools you use have features to help make your Web sites accessible?
    你用什么寫作工具幫助你網(wǎng)站的可及性？

12. How long have you been involved in Web development or management?
    涉及網(wǎng)站開發(fā)和管理多久了？

13. If you were to envision your ideal Web accessibility Web site, what sorts of information would it contain? What would it look and act like? How would it be organized?
    如果設(shè)想理想的關(guān)于網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性的網(wǎng)站，會(huì)包括什么樣的信息？看上去和用上去會(huì)如何？會(huì)是怎樣組織的？

#p#

Participant Tasks
參與者任務(wù)

Task 1

This is the homepage of a Web site dedicated to Web-related accessibility issues. Please give me your initial reactions to this page. Feel free to explore this page as you normally would. You can scroll around with your mouse, but please don't click on anything just yet.
這是一個(gè)有關(guān)WEB可及性網(wǎng)站的首頁(yè)。請(qǐng)告訴我你對(duì)這個(gè)頁(yè)面的第一反應(yīng)。就像你平時(shí)一樣自然的瀏覽這個(gè)頁(yè)面吧。你可以滾動(dòng)頁(yè)面，不過暫且別點(diǎn)擊任何東西

Faciliator will ask:
測(cè)試員提問
* Have you ever seen this Web site before?
你以前見過這個(gè)網(wǎng)站嗎？
* Please give me your initial impressions about the layout of this page and what you think of the colors, graphics, photos, etc.
請(qǐng)告訴我你對(duì)這個(gè)頁(yè)面布局的第一印象，以及對(duì)顏色、圖形圖像等的想法
* Without clicking on anything yet, please describe the options you see on the home page and what you think they do. Feel free to move around the page, but again I’ll ask you not to click on anything right now.
先不點(diǎn)擊任何東西，請(qǐng)描述你在首頁(yè)上看到的選項(xiàng)、你覺得是做什么用處的?？梢詽L動(dòng)頁(yè)面，不過再次提醒現(xiàn)在不要點(diǎn)擊任何東西
* Without clicking on anything yet, if you were exploring, what would you click on first?
如果你在瀏覽，還沒有點(diǎn)擊過任何東西，你會(huì)先點(diǎn)擊什么？
* What do you think is the purpose of this site?
你覺得這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的目標(biāo)是什么？
* Who do you think this site is intended for?
你覺得這個(gè)網(wǎng)站是用來干什么的？
* Whose Web site is this?
這是誰(shuí)的網(wǎng)站？

Task 2

I'm going to give you five minutes to freely explore this Web site. You may go anywhere you would like to go on the Web site, but please remember to speak aloud as you do so. I will tell you when the five minutes are up.
我會(huì)給你五分鐘自由瀏覽這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。你可以去網(wǎng)站上任何你想去的地方，不過記得說出來。時(shí)間到的時(shí)候我會(huì)告訴你

Task 3

Your friend Kevin mentions hearing about something called "the Web Accessibility Initiative" but he isn't sure what it is. Using this Web site, determine whether or not it contains information that would address Kevin's question.
你的朋友Kevin提到聽過“網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性措施”但并不清楚具體是什么。用這個(gè)網(wǎng)站，找出是否有能夠解決Kevien問題的信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你覺得完成了任務(wù)，請(qǐng)告訴我

Task 4

Your team at work is developing a Web site and you have some concerns about how accessible the Web site might be to persons with disabilities. Using this Web site, determine whether or not it contains general hints about what Web developers need to know about Web accessibility.
你工作的團(tuán)隊(duì)整在開發(fā)一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，而你需要考慮對(duì)殘疾人可及性要做到怎樣的程度。用這個(gè)網(wǎng)站找出是否有WEB開發(fā)人員需要了解的與網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性相關(guān)的要點(diǎn)提示

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.

Task 5

A few of your colleagues are interested in finding out how to be a part of WAI's effort to develop guidelines for Web accessibility. Using this Web site, determine whether or not opportunities exist for becoming involved in WAI guideline development.
一些你的同事對(duì)怎樣加入WAI開發(fā)網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性指南有興趣。用這個(gè)網(wǎng)站找出是否有機(jī)會(huì)加入WAI的指南開發(fā)

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.

Task 6

You have just been handed a report, generated by a Web accessibility evaluation tool, which informs you that your company Web site contains graphs that do not meet "Checkpoint 1.1."
你剛提交了通過網(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性評(píng)估工具生成的一個(gè)報(bào)告，其中說你們公司的網(wǎng)站含有不滿足“要點(diǎn)1.1”的圖表

Using this Web site, a) determine what Checkpoint 1.1 is, and b) determine an appropriate strategy for representing these complex pictures.
用這個(gè)網(wǎng)站 a)找出要點(diǎn)1.1是什么 b)找出合適的表現(xiàn)這些復(fù)雜圖片的策略

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你覺得完成了任務(wù)，請(qǐng)告訴我

Task 7

Your company is revising the online forms on its Web site. Find specific information on how to make the online forms accessible.
你的公司正在修正網(wǎng)站的在線表單。找出怎樣讓在線表單可及的詳細(xì)信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你覺得完成了任務(wù)，請(qǐng)告訴我

Task 8

A company with many global divisions and Web sites in many languages has asked for your opinion on how Web accessibility laws differ around the world. Using this Web site, determine whether or not it contains relevant information.
一個(gè)有很多全球分部和多種語(yǔ)言網(wǎng)站的企業(yè)向你征詢?nèi)蚋鞯乜尚行苑傻牟煌Ｓ眠@個(gè)網(wǎng)站找出是否有相關(guān)的信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你覺得完成了任務(wù)，請(qǐng)告訴我

Task 9

You have been invited to be a presenter at a local conference on Web accessibility. Find information on this Web site that you would want to use to help you prepare your talk.
你被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谝粋€(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐木W(wǎng)頁(yè)可及性會(huì)議上演講。在這個(gè)網(wǎng)站上你會(huì)用來幫助你演講的信息

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你覺得完成了任務(wù)，請(qǐng)告訴我

Task 10

The company division you work in is responsible for making sure that your corporate Web site is accessible. How can your team use the WAI Web site to determine the accessibility of your company Web site?
你在公司工作的部門負(fù)責(zé)保證公司網(wǎng)站的可及性。你們的團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)怎樣使用WAI網(wǎng)站來定義你們公司網(wǎng)站的可及性？

When you feel you have completed this task, please say so.
若你覺得完成了任務(wù)，請(qǐng)告訴我

#p#

Post Test Interview
測(cè)試后訪談

1. What are your overall impressions of the Web site?
   你對(duì)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的整體印象是怎樣的？

2. If you had to give the site a grade, from A to F, where A was exemplary and F was failing, what grade would you give it, and why?
   如果給這個(gè)網(wǎng)站評(píng)級(jí)，A-F，A為經(jīng)典的，F(xiàn)為失敗，你會(huì)評(píng)幾級(jí)，為什么？

3. Name three words or characteristics that describe this Web site.
   用三個(gè)詞來形容這個(gè)網(wǎng)站

4. What are the three things you like best about the Web site?
   這個(gè)網(wǎng)站你最喜歡的三個(gè)點(diǎn)是什么？

5. What are the three things you like least about the Web site?
   這個(gè)網(wǎng)站你最不喜歡的三點(diǎn)是什么？

6. If you could make one significant change to this Web site, what change would you make?
   如果你能給這個(gè)網(wǎng)站做個(gè)較大的改動(dòng)，你會(huì)改變什么？

7. Would you return to this Web site on your own in the future? Why/why not?
   你是否今后還會(huì)來這個(gè)網(wǎng)站？為什么？

8. What would entice you to return?
   是什么會(huì)吸引你回來？

9. Are there materials you would like to see added to the Web site? Which ones?
   有沒有你希望在這個(gè)網(wǎng)站上增加的資料？哪些？

10. Would you recommend this Web site to a colleague? To a friend?
    你會(huì)把這個(gè)網(wǎng)站推薦給你的同事或者朋友嗎？

11. Do you have any other questions or comments about the Web site or your experiences with it?
    你還有任何關(guān)于這個(gè)網(wǎng)站或者這此體驗(yàn)的問題和意見嗎？

Post Test Survey
測(cè)試后問卷

For our last activity I'm going to give you a short questionnaire that I would like you to fill out. The questionnaire will give you a series of statements about the Web Accessibility Initiative Web site. I would like you to rate your agreement with each statement. While you fill out the questionnaire, I will step into the observation booth to see if our observers have any further questions.
我們最后的事項(xiàng)是請(qǐng)你填寫一個(gè)短小的問卷。問卷提供一系列的關(guān)于WAI網(wǎng)站的陳述。請(qǐng)你對(duì)陳述的同意程度評(píng)級(jí)。你填寫問卷時(shí)我會(huì)去觀察室看看我們的觀察員是否有額外的問題

1. The homepage is attractive.
   首頁(yè)很吸引人

2. The overall site is attractive.
   整個(gè)站點(diǎn)很吸引人

3. The site's graphics are pleasing.
   網(wǎng)站的圖片令人愉快

4. The site has a good balance of graphics versus text.
   網(wǎng)站的圖片和文字有很好的平衡

5. The colors used throughout the site are attractive.
   網(wǎng)站使用的顏色吸引人

6. The typography (lettering, headings, titles) is attractive.
   排版（字體、標(biāo)題）吸引人

7. The homepage's content makes me want to explore the site further.
   首頁(yè)的內(nèi)容讓我想進(jìn)一步瀏覽這個(gè)網(wǎng)站

8. It is easy to find my way around the site.
   我能在網(wǎng)站內(nèi)輕易地找到自己的方向

9. I can get to information quickly.
   我能迅速找到信息

10. It is fun to explore the site.
    瀏覽這個(gè)網(wǎng)站很有樂趣

11. It is easy to remember where to find things.
    能容易記住是在哪兒找到東西的

12. Information is layered effectively on different screens.
    信息在不同界面上都很好地排布

13. The homepage is attention-getting.
    首頁(yè)能吸引注意

14. Information is easy to read.
    信息容易閱讀

15. Information is written in a style that suits me.
    信息的書寫是適合我的方式

16. Screens have the right amount of information.
    界面的信息量合適

17. The site effectively communicates the company's identity.
    網(wǎng)站有效地傳達(dá)了企業(yè)的身份

18. The information is relevant to my professional needs.
    信息與我個(gè)人的需求有關(guān)

19. The site is designed with me in mind.
    網(wǎng)站的設(shè)計(jì)考慮到了我

20. The site's content interests me.
    網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容讓我有興趣

21. The site's content would keep me coming back.
    網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容能讓我持續(xù)回訪

22. The site has characteristics that make it especially appealing.
    站點(diǎn)的特色使其顯得特別出眾

23. The site reflects progressive, leading edge design.
    網(wǎng)站展現(xiàn)了先進(jìn)的、領(lǐng)先的設(shè)計(jì)

24. The site is exciting.
    網(wǎng)站令人興奮

25. The site is well-suited to first-time visitors.
    網(wǎng)站對(duì)于初次到訪的用戶來說很合適

26. The site is well-suited to repeat visitors.
    網(wǎng)站對(duì)于經(jīng)常到訪的用戶很合適

27. The site has a clear purpose.
    網(wǎng)站有一個(gè)清晰的目標(biāo)

28. I always felt I knew what it was possible to do next.
    我總能感覺下一步大概會(huì)要做些什么

29. It is clear how screen elements (e.g., pop-ups, scrolling lists, menu options, etc.) work.
    界面元素（彈出窗口、滾動(dòng)條、菜單選項(xiàng)等）

30. My mistakes were easy to correct.
    我的錯(cuò)誤能容易糾正